Corso di Laurea in Biotecnologie

Programma

Key features of T lymphocytes:

1.      Thymic differentiation and development of CD8 and CD4 T lymphocytes

- Blackburn CC, Manley NR Developing a new paradigm for thymus organogenesis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Apr;4(4):278-89

- Anderson G, Jenkinson EJ. Lymphostromal interactions in thimic development and function Nat Rev Immunol. 2001 Oct;1(1):31-40.

- Anderson MK et al. At the crossroads: diverse roles of early thymocyte transcriptional regulators. Immunol Rev. (2006)

- Aliahmad P, Kaye J. Commitment issues: linking positive selection signals and lineage diversification in the thymus. Immunol Rev. 2006 Feb;209:253-73.

- Wang L, Xiong Y, Bosselut R Tenuous paths in unexplored territory: From T cell receptor signaling to effector gene expression during thymocyte selection. Semin Immunol 2010 Oct;22(5):294-302.

2.      Maturation and differentiation process of CD4 T cells

- Santana MA et al. What it takes to become an effector T cell: the process, the cells involved, and the mechanisms. J Cell Physiol. (2003)

- Wan YY. Multi-tasking of helper T cells. Immunology 2010 Jun;130(2):166-71.

3.      Activation of naïve CD4 T cells

- Nakayama T, Yamashita M The TCR-mediated signaling pathways that control the direction of helper T cell differentiation. Semin Immunol 2010 Oct;22(5):303-9.

- Sundrud MS, Nolan MA. Synergistic and combinatorial control of T cell activation and differentiation by transcription factors. Curr Opin Immunol. 2010 Jun;22(3):286-92.

- McKinstry KK et al.  The potential of CD4 T cell memory. Immunology. (2010)

- Zhu J, Yamane H, Paul WE. Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations Annu Rev Immunol. 2010 Mar;28:445-89.

4.      Proliferation and differentiation into effector T cells

- Carpenter AC, Bosselut R. Decision checkpoints in the thymus. Nat Immunol. 2010 Aug;11(8):666-73. Epub 2010 Jul 20.

- Cuddapah S, Barski A, Zhao K. Epigenomics of T cell activation, differentiation, and memory. Curr Opin Immunol. 2010 Jun;22(3):341-7. Epub 2010 Mar 11.

5.      Effector functions of CD4 T cells

- Vinay DS, Know BS. CD11c+CD8+ T cells: two-faced adaptive immune regulators. Cell Immunol. 2010;264(1):18-22. Epub 2010 May 27.

6.      T cells and peptide recognition by two different MHC molecules

- Shoukry NH, Lavoie PM, Thibodeau J, D'Souza S, Sekaly RP. MHC class II-dependent peptide antigen versus superantigen presentation to T cells. Hum Immunol. 1997 May;54(2):194-201.

T cell receptor complex (TCR):

7.      TCR structure

- Pardoll DM, Kruisbeek AM, Fowlkes BJ, Coligan JE, Schwartz RH. The unfolding story of T cell receptor gamma. FASEB J. 1987 Aug;1(2):103-9.

- Berg LJ et al. Molecular determinants of TCR expression and selection. Curr Opin Immunol. (2001)

- B, van Santen HM. Two receptors, two kinases, and T cell lineage determination. Sci Signal. 2010 Mar 23;3(114):pe11.

- Al-Lazikani B et al. Canonical structures for the hypervariable regions of T cell alphabeta receptors. J Mol Biol. (2000)

- Machius M, Cianga P, Deisenhofer J, Ward ES. Crystal structure of a T cell receptor Valpha11 (AV11S5) domain: new canonical forms for the first and second complementarity determining regions. J Mol Biol. 2001 Jul 20;310(4):689-98.

8.      Gene rearrangement for T cell receptor

9.      TCR signal transduction

- Wucherpfennig KW et al. Structural biology of the T-cell receptor: insights into receptor assembly, ligand recognition, and initiation of signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. (2010)

10.   TCR accessory and adhesion molecules

- Jaiswal AI, Dubey C, Swain SL, Croft M. Regulation of CD40 ligand expression on naive CD4 T cells: a role for TCR but not co-stimulatory signals. Int Immunol. 1996 Feb;8(2):275-85.

11.   TCR costimulatory signals

- Smith-Garvin JE, Koretzky GA, Jordan MS. T cell activation. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:591-619.

- Coyle AJ, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. The expanding B7 superfamily: increasing complexity in costimulatory signals regulating T cell function. Nat Immunol. 2001 Mar;2(3):203-9.

CD8 T cells:

12.   CD8 T cells: features and differentiation

- Seder RA et al. Similarities and differences in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cell generation Nat Immunol. (2003)

- Rutishauser RL, Kaech SM. Generating diversity: transcriptional regulation of effector and memory CD8 T-cell differentiation. Immunol Rev. 2010 May;235(1):219-33.

13.   12.Different activation pathways of CD8 T cells

- John T. Harty, Amy R. Tvinnereim, and Douglas W. White CD8+ T cell effector mechanisms in resistance to infection. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2000. 18:275–308

14.   Programmed cell death induced by CD8 T cells

- Chávez-Galán L, Arenas-Del Angel MC, Zenteno E, Chávez R, Lascurain R. Cell death mechanisms induced by cytotoxic lymphocytes. Cell Mol Immunol. 2009 Feb;6(1):15-25.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS):

15.   Attack and damage caused by HIV

- Barré-Sinoussi F et al. HIV: a discovery opening the road to novel scientific knowledge and global health improvement. Virology. (2010)

- Brites C, Sampalo J, Oliveira A. HIV/human T-cell lymphotropic virus coinfection revisited: impact on AIDS progression. AIDS Rev. 2009 Jan-Mar;11(1):8-16.

- Baltimore D. The enigma of HIV infection. Cell. 1995 Jul 28;82(2):175-6. Review.

16.   HIV life cycle and its interactions with CD4 T cells

- Estes JD et al. The role of collagen deposition in depleting CD4+ T cells and limiting reconstitution in HIV-1 and SIV infections through damage to the secondary lymphoid organ niche. Semin Immunol. (2008)

- Espert L et al. Autophagy and CD4+ T lymphocyte destruction by HIV-1. Autophagy. (2007)

- Clapham PR, McKnight A. HIV-1 receptors and cell tropism. Br Med Bull. 2001;58:43-59. Review.

- Choe H, Martin KA, Farzan M, Sodroski J, Gerard NP, Gerard C. Structural interactions between chemokine receptors, gp120 Env and CD4. Semin Immunol. 1998 Jun;10(3):249-57. Review.

- Moore JP, Trkola A, Dragic T. Co-receptors for HIV-1 entry. Curr Opin Immunol. 1997 Aug;9(4):551-62. Review.

- Broder CC, Collman RG. Chemokine receptors and HIV. J Leukoc Biol. 1997 Jul;62(1):20-9. Review.

- Sirskyj D, Thèze J, Kumar A, Kryworuchko M. Disruption of the gamma c cytokine network in T cells during HIV infection. Cytokine. 2008 Jul;43(1):1-14. Epub 2008 Apr 15.

- Regulation of HIV-1 latency by T-cell activation. Williams SA et al. Cytokine. (2007)

- Douek DC, Picker LJ, Koup RA. T cell dynamics in HIV-1 infection. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:265-304. Epub 2001 Dec 19. Review.

- Unutmaz D, Littman DR. Expression pattern of HIV-1 coreceptors on T cells: implications for viral transmission and lymphocyte homing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 4;94(5):1615-8.

- Wyatt R, Sodroski J. The HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins: fusogens, antigens, and immunogens. Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1884-8.

- Berger EA, Murphy PM, Farber JM. Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors: roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999;17:657-700.

17.   immune response and vaccination against HIV

- Farber JM, Berger EA. HIV's response to a CCR5 inhibitor: I'd rather tighten than switch! Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):1749-51.

- O'Connell KA, Bailey JR, Blankson JN. Elucidating the elite: mechanisms of control in HIV-1 infection. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Dec;30(12):631-7.

- Bartha I et al. Has HIV evolved to induce immune pathogenesis? Trends Immunol. (2008)

T helper type 1:

18.   Th1 features and differentiation

- Szabo SJ et al. Molecular mechanisms regulating Th1 immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. (2003)

- Damsker JM, Hansen AM, Caspi RR. Th1 and Th17 cells: adversaries and collaborators. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Jan;1183:211-21.

19.   Role of STAT1 in the differentiation of Th1 subset

20.   Th1 and cell-mediated immunity

21.   Th1 and autoimmunity

T helper type 2:

22.   Th2: features and differentiation

- Pulendran B, Tang H, Manicassamy S. Programming dendritic cells to induce T(H)2 and tolerogenic responses. Nat Immunol 2010 Aug;11(8):647-55. Epub 2010 Jul 20.

23.   Role of GATA-3 in the differentiation of Th2 cells

24.   Th2 and humoral immunity

25.   Th2 and allergy

T helper type 17:

26.   Th17: features and differentiation

- Hirota K, Martin B, Veldhoen M Development, regulation and functional capacities of Th17 cells. Semin Immunopathol 2010 Mar;32(1):3-16. Epub 2010 Jan 27.

- Ji Y et al. Th17 cells: positive or negative role in tumor? Cancer Immunol Immunother. (2010)

- Lee YK et al. Developmental plasticity of Th17 and Treg cells Curr Opin Immunol. (2009)

- Harrington LE, Mangan PR Weaver CT. Expanding the effector CD4 T-cell repertoire: the Th17 lineage. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006 Jun;18(3):349-56. Epub 2006 Apr 17.

- Weaver CT, Hatton RD. Interplay between the TH17 and Treg cell lineages: a (co-)evolutionary perspective. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Dec;9(12):883-9.

27.   Th17 and infection

28.   Th17 role in autoimmune diseases

Regulatory T cells (Treg):

29.   Treg features and differentiation

- Corthay A et al. How do regulatory T cells work? Scand J Immunol. (2009)

- Wei S, Kryczek I, Zou W. Regulatory T cell compartimentalization and trafficking. Blood. 2006 Jul 15;108(2):426-31. Epub 2006 Mar 14.

- Zhou X et al. Plasticity of CD4(+) FoxP3(+) T cells. Curr Opin Immunol. (2009)

- Sakaguchi S, Wing K, Onishi Y, Prieto-Martin P, Yamaguchi T. Regulatory T cells: how do they suppress immune responses? Int Immunol. 2009 Oct;21(10):1105-11.

30.   natural and adaptive Treg

- Miyara M, Sakaguchi S Natural regulatory T cells: mechanisms of suppression. Trends Mol Med 2007 Mar;13(3):108-16. Epub 2007 Jan 24.

- Sakaguchi S. Naturally arising Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in immunological tolerance to self and non-self. Nat Immunol. 2005 Apr;6(4):345-52.

31.   Foxp3 regulator and control of Treg functions

- Hori S, Sakaguchi S. Foxp3: a critical regulator of the development and function of regulatory T cells. Microbes Infect. 2004 Jul;6(8):745-51.

- Feuerer M, Hill JA, Mathis D, Benoist C. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells: differentiation, specification, subphenotypes. Nat Immunol. 2009 Jul;10(7):689-95.

- Fontenot JD, Rudensky AY. A well adapted regulatory contrivance: regulatory T cell development and the forkhead family transcription factor Foxp3. Nat Immunol. 2005 Apr;6(4):331-7.

Other Th “lineages”:

32.    Follicular helper T cells: features and differentiation

- King C, Tangye SG, Mackay CR. T follicular helper (TFH) cells in normal and dysregulated immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:741-66.

- Spolski R et al. IL-21 and T follicular helper cells. Int Immunol. (2010)

- Chtanova T, Tangye SG, Newton R, Frank N, Hodge MR, Rolph MS, Mackay CR. T follicular helper cells express a distinctive transcriptional profile, reflecting their role as non-Th1/Th2 effector cells that provide help for B cells. J Immunol. 2004 Jul 1;173(1):68-78.

33.   Th3, Tr1, Th9 and Th22 cells: features and differentiation

- Zhu J, Yamane H, Paul WE. Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations Annu Rev Immunol. 2010 Mar;28:445-89.

34.   Heterogeneity and plasticity of Th cells

- Murphy KM, Stockinger B Effector T cell plasticity: flexibility in the face of changing circumstances. Nat. Immunol 2010 Aug;11(8):674-80. Epub 2010 Jul 20.

- Annunziato F et al. Heterogeneity of human effector CD4+ T cells Arthritis Res Ther. (2009)

- Zhu J et al. Heterogeneity and plasticity of T helper cells. Cell Res. (2010)