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GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
- Oggetto:
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
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Anno accademico 2023/2024
- Codice dell'attività didattica
- BIO0173
- Docenti
- Carola Eva (Titolare del corso)
Ilaria Bertocchi (Titolare del corso)
Carlo Nebbia (Titolare del corso)
Silvia De Francia (Titolare del corso) - Corso di studi
- Laurea Triennale in Biotecnologie
- Anno
- 3° anno
- Periodo didattico
- Primo semestre
- Tipologia
- Caratterizzante
- Crediti/Valenza
- 8
- SSD dell'attività didattica
- BIO/14 - farmacologia
VET/07 - farmacologia e tossicologia veterinaria - Modalità di erogazione
- Mista
- Lingua di insegnamento
- Inglese
- Modalità di frequenza
- Obbligatoria
- Tipologia d'esame
- Scritto
- Prerequisiti
- Good knowledge of the basic concepts of biology, physiology and chemistry
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Sommario insegnamento
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Obiettivi formativi
Pharmacology
Learning of the general principles of pharmacodynamics and analysis of the main neurotransmitter systems.
Toxicology
To provide fundamental notions related to the study of the basic principles of toxicology and the mechanisms of toxic action of xenobiotics. At the end of the module, knowledge related to general toxicology will have been developed, also with a view to sex and gender-specific perspective. The training objective will also be the development of useful skills for searching information on compounds on the main databases available online. Another objective to be acquired, the ability of working in a team.- Oggetto:
Risultati dell'apprendimento attesi
Pharmacology
At the end of the course the student acquires the fundamental mechanisms that regulate cellular pharmacology; the main factors responsible for variability in drug response; mechanism of action of drugs on different neurotransmitter systems.
Toxicology
At the end of the course the student acquires knowledge useful for the integrated understanding of the phenomena at biochemical, cellular, molecular, pathophysiological level that underlie the toxicity of a drug or a xenobiotic one; it includes the ways in which a toxic compound can come into contact with biological material, the effects of certain organs and systems following exposure, as a cause of both acute and chronic diseases. It also achieves a scientific preparation useful for dealing with issues related to the risk assessment from exposure to chemical agents.
In addition, the course aims to provide students with:
1) Ability to apply knowledge and understanding of the contents related to general toxicology in the preparation of group work.
3) Communication skills during the exhibition of group work.
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Modalità di insegnamento
The course has a value of 8 credits divided into 4 ECTS of Pharmacology and 4 ECTS of Toxicology. It consists of 62 hours of frontal lessons. Attendance at lessons is strongly recommended
The Pharmacology module of Prof. Eva C. and Dr.Bertocchi I.(4CFU) consists of 32 hours.
The Toxicology module of Dr. De Francia S. (2CFU) consists of 16 hours.
The Toxicology module of Prof. Nebbia C. (2CFU) consists of 16 hours.
The course is taught in English through frontal lesson. Given the current pandemic situation, the remote mode (Webex) is ensured throughout the academic year. Students for this purpose will receive a webex meeting invitation via email.
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Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento
The exam takes place in written form.
The final mark is given by the weighted average with respect to the credits of each module.
The written exam will consist of open and / or closed questions for each of the parts dealt with by the different Professors. You pass the exam only if you pass in each of the three parts.
The methods of examination may be subject to variations based on the limitations imposed by the current health crisis. In any case, the remote mode through webex or moodle platformswill be ensured throughout the academic year.
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Programma
Pharmacology program
Prof. Carola Eva, Dr. Ilaria Bertocchi
Generality
Cellular and molecular pharmacology
Ligand receptor binding. Drug affinity, potency, selectivity and intrinsic activity. Binding kinetic.
Agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists, antagonists. Dose response curves, ED50, LD50, therapeutic index, certain safety factor.
Main targets of drug action: G-protein coupled receptors, channel receptors (nicotinic receptors, GABA receptors, glutamate receptors), tyrosine kinase receptors, intracellular receptors, tranporters, pumps.
Pharmacology of the main neurotransmission systems: acethylcholine, catecolamines, serotonin, excitatory and inhibitory aminoacids, biological peptides.
Drug abuse
Toxicology program
Prof. Carlo Nebbia
Routes of exposure / administration
Absorption mode
Bioavailability and main pharmacokinetic parameters
Notes on the models of mono- and bi-compartmental kinetics
biotransformations
Factors that modulate the expression and activity of biotransformative enzymes, with particular regard to induction, inhibition and genetic polymorphisms
Concept and examples of bioactivation
Notes on the excretion of xenobiotics
Prof.ssa Silvia De Francia
Principles of general toxicology: definitions and aims of Toxicology, bases for the general classification of a toxic effect
Chiral compounds. Distomer and eutomer. Racemic mixtures.
Toxicology of solids. Elements characterizing the toxicity of solids.
Mechanisms of cell damage. Analysis of some of the investigative tools available to the toxicologist.
Cell death: apoptosis and necrosis; morphological, biochemical and molecular aspects. Test to assess apoptotic cell death.
Genotoxicity: main mutational events and their pathological consequences, genotoxicity test.
Carcinogenesis: characteristics of the carcinogenic process, classification of carcinogens (initiators, promoters, co-carcinogens, genotoxic carcinogens). Carcinogenicity test.
Biomarkers. Assessment of the toxicological risk and the safety of use of drugs and xenobiotics
Toxic responses of the reproductive cycle: principles of developmental toxicity, nature of toxic effects and mechanisms of action.
Use of transgenic models for the study of toxic substances: endocrine disruptors (EDCs).
Sex and Gender toxicology, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
Testi consigliati e bibliografia
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Recommended texts and bibliography: didactic material provided by the teachers.
VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY -Idelson-Gnocchi
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY - Giorgio Cantelli Forti, Corrado L. Galli, Patrizia Hrelia (UTET)
ELEMENTS OF TOXICOLOGY -Casarett & Doull - edited by Hrelia P and Cantelli Forti G, Ambrosiana Publishing House, Milan
GENERAL AND MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY - Francesco Clementi, Guido Fumagalli, ED: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2015
FARMACOLOGIA Principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche - Francesco Rossi, Vincenzo Cuomo, Carlo Riccardi et al. Editore Minerva Medica
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Moduli didattici
- Dynamics and Toxicology (BIO0173A)
- Kinetics (BIO0173B)
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