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GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
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GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
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Anno accademico 2025/2026
- Codice attività didattica
- BIO0173
- Docenti
- Armando Genazzani (Titolare del corso)
Cristina Vercelli (Titolare del corso) - Corso di studio
- [056701] Biotecnologie
- Anno
- 3° anno
- Periodo
- Primo semestre
- Tipologia
- Caratterizzante
- Crediti/Valenza
- 8
- SSD attività didattica
- BIO/14 - farmacologia
VET/07 - farmacologia e tossicologia veterinaria - Erogazione
- Tradizionale
- Lingua
- Inglese
- Frequenza
- Obbligatoria
- Tipologia esame
- Scritto
- Tipologia unità didattica
- corso
- Prerequisiti
- It is expected that the student will have a good knowledge of cellular biology, biochemistry, anatomy, physiology and chemistry. Such knowledge will be invaluable to grasp the basic concepts of drug action
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Sommario insegnamento
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Obiettivi formativi
The overall objective of the course is to provide the basic concepts that govern drug action. At the end of the course the student will be able to understand how to use drugs to investigate biological processes, how drugs work, the benefit/risk of drugs for humans, animals and the environment, as well as the process of research and development and the regulatory framework.
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Risultati dell'apprendimento attesi
At the end of the course the student will have:
- defined the fundamental concepts that regulate molecular, cellular and systems pharmacology;
- acquired the knowledge to understand drug action in a living organism;
- developed sufficient knowledge to understand the entire drug chain, including drug ideation, drug research, target validation, defining unmet medical needs, in vitro and in vivo investigations, clinical trials, regulatory approval;
- have some knowledge of the main drug classes currently used in clinical practice;
- have the skills to scrutinize pharmacological results reaching sound conclusions;
- have the skills to determine mechanisms to modify physiological or pathological conditions via drugs.
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Programma
General principles of pharmacology - pharmacodynamics (affinity, potency, selectivity), drug targets, nomenclature,evidence-based medicine, placebo, drug research and development, regulatory affairs and legislation, side-effects, biomarkers, pharmacovigilance.
Pharmacotherapy:
Drugs acting on the nervous system I: local anaesthetics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics;
Drugs acting on the nervous system II: Parkinson, Spinal Muscular atrophy and Alzheimer, Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis;
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Pharmacology: Asthma and COPD, Anti-hypertensives, anticoagulants and anti-platelet drugs, anti-arhythmic and heart failure drugs;
Other drug classes: drugs for diabetes, drugs for pain, drugs for IMIDs, drugs for the GI tract;
Anticancer drugs
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Modalità di insegnamento
The course consists of 64 hours of lectures, 16 of pharmacokinetics, 16 of pharmacodynamics and the rest for pharmacotherapy. Attendance at lectures is strongly encouraged.
The course is taught in English through traditional lectures. The 16 hours of pharmacokinetics will be taught by Cristina Vercelli while the other lectures will be delivered by Armando Genazzani.
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Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento
The exam takes place in written form.
Half of the marks will be attributed marking 6 short answers (about 10/15 lines) on questions relating to general pharmacology (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics). Each of these answers will account for 3 points.
The remaining 15 points will be attributed marking 3 long essays (about 2 hand-written pages) relating to pharmacotherapy. Briefly, the exam will consist of 1 topic for each of the paragraphs listed in the program section. Students will choose 3 of the 5 for their assays.
The final mark is given by the weighted average with respect to the credits of each module.
Exam time will be 100 minutes.
Testi consigliati e bibliografia
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Recommended texts and bibliography:
- Material handed by the lectuters and slides;
It is reccomended that students buy a pharmacology textbook. Suggested textbooks are the following (other textbooks will nonetheless be sufficient):
GENERAL AND MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY - Francesco Clementi, Guido Fumagalli, ED: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2015
FARMACOLOGIA a cura di Stefano Govoni, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
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Moduli didattici
- Dynamics and Toxicology (BIO0173A)
- Kinetics (BIO0173B)
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