Corso di Laurea in Biotecnologie

Dynamics and Toxicology

Dynamics and Toxicology

Anno accademico 2024/2025

Sommario insegnamento

• Obiettivi formativi
• Risultati dell'apprendimento attesi
• Programma
• Modalità di insegnamento
• Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento
• Testi consigliati e bibliografia
• Strumenti didattici
• Scheda del corso

Obiettivi formativi

The overall objective of the course is to provide the basic concepts that govern drug action. At the end of the course the student will be able to understand how to use drugs to investigate biological processes, how drugs work, the benefit/risk of drugs for humans, animals and the environment, as well as the process of research and development and the regulatory framework.

Risultati dell'apprendimento attesi

At the end of the course the student will have:

- defined the fundamental concepts that regulate molecular, cellular and systems pharmacology;

- acquired the knowledge to understand drug action in a living organism;

- developed sufficient knowledge to understand the entire drug chain, including drug ideation, drug research, target validation, defining unmet medical needs, in vitro and in vivo investigations, clinical trials, regulatory approval;

- have some knowledge of the main drug classes currently used in clinical practice;

- have the skills to scrutinize pharmacological results reaching sound conclusions;

- have the skills to determine mechanisms to modify physiological or pathological conditions via drugs.

Programma

General principles of pharmacology - pharmacodynamics (affinity, potency, selectivity), drug  targets, nomenclature,evidence-based medicine, placebo, drug research and development, regulatory affairs and legislation, side-effects, biomarkers, pharmacovigilance.

Pharmacotherapy:

Drugs acting on the nervous system I: local anaesthetics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics;

Drugs acting on the nervous system II: Parkinson, Spinal Muscular atrophy and Alzheimer, Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis;

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Pharmacology: Asthma and COPD, Anti-hypertensives, anticoagulants and anti-platelet drugs, anti-arhythmic and heart failure drugs;

Other drug classes: drugs for diabetes, drugs for pain, drugs for IMIDs, drugs for the GI tract;

Anticancer drugs

Modalità di insegnamento

The course consists of 64 hours of lectures, 16 of pharmacokinetics, 16 of pharmacodynamics and the rest for pharmacotherapy. Attendance at lectures is strongly encouraged.

The course is taught in English through traditional lectures. All lectures will be delivered by Armando Genazzani.

Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento

The exam takes place in written form and will be cover the entire course (including the module of Prof. Vercelli).

Half of the marks will be attributed marking 6 short answers (about 10/15 lines) on questions relating to general pharmacology (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics). Each of these answers will account for 3 points.

The remaining 15 points will be attributed marking 3 long essays (about 2 hand-written pages) relating to pharmacotherapy. Briefly, the exam will consist of 1 topic for each of the paragraphs listed in the program section. Students will choose 3 of the 5 for their assays.

The final mark is given by the weighted average with respect to the credits of each module.

Exam time will be 90 minutes.

Learning material provided by the lecturer, scientific literature, lecture slides and and lecture notes. Attendance to lectures is highly reccomended. 

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